The large footprint of small-scale artisanal gold mining in Ghana

Gold mining has played a significant role in Ghana's economy for centuries. Regulation of this industry varied over time and while industrial is prevalent the country, expansion artisanal mining, or Galamsey escalated recent years. Many these mines are not only harmful to human health due use Mercury (Hg) amalgamation process, but also leave footprint on terrestrial ecosystems, degrading destroying forested ecosystems region. In study, Landsat image archive available through Google Earth Engine was used quantify total vegetation loss gold Ghana from 2005 2019 understand how conversion regions changed decadal period 2007 2017. A combination machine learning change detection algorithms were calculate different land cover conversions timing annually. Within study area southwestern Ghana, our results indicate that approximately 47,000 ha (⨦2218 ha) converted at an average rate ~2600 yr−1. The high percentage (~50%) occurred between 2014 Around 700 within protected areas as mapped by World Database Protected Areas. addition deforestation, increased activity years potential affect health, access drinking water resources food security. This work expands upon limited research into spatial complements mapping efforts local geographers, will support government monitor deforestation caused mining.